Metrics: Cost of Sale
The Question:
How much have my marketing costs been for a sale?
Approach:
Calculate directly attributable costs plus unit share of fixed costs or share of Activity-Based Costing
Commentary:
Cost of Sale can be measured very accurately with online media, direct mail and telemarketing, but is hard to quantify with significant Above The Line activity.
The Formula:
Cost of Sale ($) = Direct Costs ($) + (Fixed Costs ($)* 1/Units Sold)
Cost of Sale (%) = Costs ($) / Revenue Generated By Sale ($)
Metrics: Reach, Rating Point (RP)
The Question:
How much of a market is exposed to a particular medium?
Approach:
Percentage of market that are exposed to the medium
Commentary:
A key measure of the value of an advertising partner. It helps us to understand extent of people who will be exposed to a medium in a stated time period: consumes at least x minutes per week (TV, radio), reads/ visits at least once per month (print, internet) etc
The Formula:
Reach (people) = Relevant Audience of Media
Reach (%) = Relevant Audience of Media/ Total Market
Rating Point (I)= Reach (%)
Metrics: Frequency
The Question:
How many times will my advertising be seen?
Approach:
Number of times a market/ segment/ individual sees an ad
Commentary:
Advertising studies show that there is an optimal number of times to expose someone to an add. Too few and there is no impact, too many and there is no incremental revenue/ awareness gained. Measured by market (ATL) or by individual (DM, online)
The Formula:
Frequency = Number of times ad seen by market, segment or individual
Metrics: Engagement
The Question:
How actively am I engaging with my target audience?
Approach:
Interaction or time spent levels
Commentry:
Its one thing to see an ad and forget about it, its another to read about it in details, tell my friends, play a game, blog about or tweet it.
The Formula:
Engagement= Has no specific agreed measure. Can be: # pageviews per user, time spent on site/ on ad/ playing game, # of downloads, blog comments, re-tweets etc
Metrics: Impressions, Exposure or OTS
The Question:
What is the audience for a media 'insertion'?
Approach:
Potential audience measurement depends on the media
Commentary:
Impressions, exposure and Opportunites-To-See (OTS) are the 'atoms' of media planning. Every ad has a planned number of exposures. (We handle GRPs and TRPs in the next slide - These are used mainly for TV and raio.)
The Formula:
Impressions = Exposures = OTS = Reach (#) * Frequency (#)
Metrics: Gross Rating Points (GRPs)
The Question:
What percentage of my audience is reached by an advertisement?
Approach:
Reach of ads x frequency of ads
Commentary:
A key pre-internet measue to understand how widely an ad should have been viewed by my audience. Measures exposure to audience as a whole, not segments or individuals – hence Gross Ratings Points.
The Formula:
Gross Rating Points (GRPs) = Reach (% of audience) * Frequency (# of exposures)
or
GRPs = Impressions (#) / Defined Population (#)
Metrics: Target Rating Points (TRPs)
The Question:
What percentage of my target segment audience is reached by an advertisement?
Approach:
Reach of ads x frequency of ads x percentage of target audience in gross audience
Commentary:
Take GRPs to a more granular level. A gross media audience will only contain a percentage of a relevant or target audience.
The Formula:
Target Rating Points (TRPs) = Reach (% of audience) * Frequency (# of exposures) / Target Audence (% of Reach)
Metrics: Share of Voice (SoV)
The Question:
What is my share of any particular ad market?
Approach:
Measure our advertising as a share of total advertising
Commentary:
Can be used across entire channels (TV, print etc), on specific media (ChannelNewsAsia, Straits Times, yahoo.com.sg etc), or on specific programs or sections (News Tonight, Entertainment etc). Less effective in multi-media formats; purchase price may not be a good measure of share of exposure, which is the aim of SoV
The Formula:
Share of Voice (SoV, %) = My ad units/ Total ad units