It is not an unknown fact that the United States spends more money per citizen as compared to any other country in the world. Not only does the expenditure on health care demand/occupy a considerable portion of the total national income, the per capita expenditure on public health care in the US is the third highest in the world. By the end of 2008, more than 46 million Americans were completely uninsured and another 50 million were under-insured or less than fully insured. Unfortunately, even after spending a substantial amount on national healthcare, the US lags behind many industrialized nations when in comes to key health-related categories, including preventable deaths, infant mortality and life expectancy.
According to a study conducted by Harvard researchers in 2009 and published by the American Journal of Public Health, the lack in health insurance results in over 44,800 deaths every year.
About 27.8% of the American population is directly covered under government plans. Public health care in the US comprises of following programs:
Federal Employees Health Benefits Program
Indian Health Service
Medicaid
Medicare
Military Health System / TRICARE
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
Veterans Health Administration
Private Health Coverage in the US can be divided into the following:
Consumer-driven health care
o Flexible spending account (FSA)
o Health reimbursement account
o Health savings account
o High-deductible health plan (HDHP)
o Medical savings account
Health maintenance organization (HMO)
Managed care
Medical underwriting
Preferred provider organization (PPO)
In the United States, national healthcare is governed by the following acts:
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)
Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003)
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005)