So what do these investment firms have in common?
All three firms can trace their origins to Drexel Burnham Lambert, an investment bank that collapsed into bankruptcy in 1990, fatally wounded by an insider-trading scandal.
In a story by The Economist:
Michael Milken, Drexel’s most talented and best-paid financier,was sentenced to ten years in prison after pleading guilty to six counts of securities fraud. His sentence was later commuted and he was released after serving 22 months.
He was also forced to pay much of the huge bonuses he earned at Drexel in fines and settlements.
For much of the 1980s Drexel was the hottest firm in investment banking, thanks to its dominance of the market for high-yield corporate bonds, or junk bonds, of which Mr Milken was king. Drexel used its muscle in high-yield bond trading, which Mr Milken had built up in the 1970s, to push into other areas of investment banking such as mergers and acquisitions and underwriting.
By 1986 Drexel, which in its long history had not previously threatened to join the financial elite, was Wall Street’s most profitable firm.
But Drexel slumped under the weight of legal battles and the $650m fine it agreed on with the American government to settle an investigation of alleged securities fraud. When Mr Milken was forced out at the end of 1988, the firm lost its biggest source of revenue.
However Drexel has left three enduring legacies: