A combination of bank loans
Loans from other financial institutions
Bonds with below investment-grade credit ratings (also called high-yield bonds)
In an LBO:
The assets of the acquired company are generally used as collateral for the loan and interest taken by the acquiring company.
The acquiring company uses the cash flows of the refinanced company to meet the principal obligations.
The financial institution/firm/individual that/who has sponsored the acquisition acquires a controlling interest in the company's equity.
A leveraged buy out generally involves 90% debt and 10% equity. As a result, companies can use an LBO to make huge acquisitions without investing substantial funds. An LBO is also extensively used by private equity firms to undertake a strategic purchase of other product lines, divisions or companies. LBOs can also be used for:
Management buyouts
Acquisitions
Divestitures
Refinancing
Since the acquired company will have a high debt to equity ratio (high leverage), only those companies that have the following characteristics are a suitable LBO target:
Strong balance sheet
Low initial debt levels
Adequate stable cash flows
When considering the leveraged buyout financing option, you must be prepared to:
Raise and bargain on the terms of senior, subordinated and equity financing.
Find strategic and financial partners.
Make business plans.
Hire the management personnel, whenever needed.
Organize new employee benefit plans.
Inform the employees.
Negotiate long-term supply and use agreements.
When undertaking an LBO:
Research the company to be purchased.
Ensure that its management team is efficient and will continue with you after the buyout.
Hire a professional to meditate between the management, shareholders, potential investors and board members.
Accumulate your team of leveraged buyout specialists, investment bankers, accountants and attorneys.
Purchase a controlling interest in the company.