Economic Globalization encourages progress of free-market ideologies, when both commodities and services are provided and there is an unusual flow of capital. In fact, Economic Globalization aims at consolidating the world economies, enhancing connectivity and mutual dependence among them on international levels.
Globalization of the economy has a handful of different connotations. Economic Globalization with respect to a particular country is based on the role played by human immigration to that nation, its foreign trade, consolidation of the money markets and mobility of the capital. According to a survey made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Economic Globalization has led to the rise of mutual dependence among worldwide nations, on the grounds of speedy and widespread dispersion of technology, increasing international trade in terms of bulk and diversity, free flow of capitals on international level, etc.
In fact, economists like Theodore Levitt are in favor of using Globalization in the context of economy.
In reality, the term “Globalization” in the context of economics was made popular by Levitt himself around 1983, though economists since 1981 were familiar with the term “Economic Globalization”. With passing time, however, this term has gained wider connotations. At present, Globalization of the economy can be measured on the basis of 4 principal economic flows which characterize the concept as well:
Commodities and Services: In this respect, both imports and exports are taken together as proportionate to per capita national income.Population or labors: This helps in understanding inward or outward flow of immigrating people and the net immigration rates, in terms of the total population of a country.Capital: The inbound or outbound direct investments are proportionate to per capita income.Technology: Increase in research and development programs on an international level, whereby at least a part of the country's population are benefited from such inventions.
Last month, the Bulgarian National Assembly voted to impose an indefinite ban on shale gas exploration and extraction in Bulgaria using hydraulic fracturing or other similar technology. But new evidence have emerged that may suggest some form of covert Russian influence in the matter.
Pity the poor Eastern Europeans.
After fifty years under the domination of their massive Soviet eastern neighbour, the collapse of Communism two decades ago offered undreamed of opportunities to join both the European Union and NATO.
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CEO and co-CIO of PIMCO. Served as President and CEO of the Harvard Management Company for 2 years, while also working at the IMF for 15 years. In 2008, his book "When Markets Collide", won the Financial Times award for Business Book of The Year in addition to being named as the one of the best business books of all time by The Independent.
Vice President and Director of the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution. Former Turkish Minister of State for Economic Affairs. Head of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) from 2005-2009.