Agrarian Reform in Russia was adopted with the aim of redistribution of agricultural resources, mainly land, among the farmers . The farmers of Russia was suffering from extreme exploitation for a long time. So to put an end to this kind of exploitation and to improve resource utilization, the adoption of agrarian reform was necessary for Russia.
Reasons Behind The Adoption of Agrarian Reform:
In the rural areas of Russia, the farmers were badly affected by low demand for agricultural output. As a result the productivity of the Russian agriculture sector was quite low. Moreover, proper transfer of land ownership seemed to be extremely difficult because of almost nonexistent land market. So the Russian government introduced agrarian reform to solve various agrarian problems.
Agrarian Reform Processes:
Redistribution of Land: Firstly, the farmers who were holding infertile agricultural land or no land at all was shifted to the northern part of the country. In this way, by the year of 1915 nearly twenty percent of the peasant families left their original place.
Farmers from the remote areas of Russia was shifted to the northern part of Turkestan or Siberia. Farmers were given free land in the northern part and the govt. also provided travel allowance to them.. In this way, the land redistribution process started under agrarian reform program.
Land Policy: It is known that land could be sold and bought freely like any other commodity. But, in Russia, there was a limitation. Through the agrarian reform, Russian government wanted to make the land market free. By constituting agrarian reform laws, the govt. removed all the limitations and restrictions. But this move was not appreciated by the communists and the foreign investors.
Privatization: In Russia, privatization was taken as one of necessary step of agrarian reform.
But any benefit of privatization was not received as it was done in an isolated manner.
Reconstitution of the Agricultural Enterprises: In Russia, many agricultural enterprises were running on loss. The lack of state support was one of the important reason for this. As a result, the workers of these organizations were not getting their payment regularly.
So to solve this problem, the Russian government started to restructure the agricultural enterprises. The govt. provided budget support and also tried to improve the management process of these organizations..Large agricultural farms were split into many small farms and the barren agricultural farms were given to the profitable ones.
Protection for the Investors: In Russia, no legal protection were provided to the agricultural investors. But this was badly needed for attracting the foreign investors to the agricultural sector of Russia. After Agrarian Reform, Investment in agriculture and food production helped to develop the agricultural sector of Russia.