The land ownership and the labor organization system form a part of the Social Agrarian System.
Aspects of Land Tenure System
There is the existence of different types of land tenure systems in the world as per the existing social conditions. A number of factors determine the land tenure system. Social, economic and natural conditions have a grave impact on the agricultural production. The topography of a land, its climate and soil all constitute the natural condition. Whereas the socio economic factors include alterations in the price of goods, technological progress, political ideology and growth of population.
Disadvantages of this System
The system of land tenure has faced many problems. In big countries the most common problem is that the population is more than the percentage of arable land. The cultivable lands are often accumulated in the hands of a few powerful people who do not till the land themselves and hire labors. Often these owners only appear in the time of rent collection. With the rise in population the demand for employment also increases and hence the small landholders lease out their land and survive on the rent.
Another form of the tenure system is sharecropping. But this is also a flawed system since no deed is drawn while the deal is closed. Its only a verbal deal which implies that the tenant does not have any security. Moreover, its only on a one year contractual basis on which the sharecroppers are allowed to plow the field. The landowner often demands 50% of the produce even if he does not share the cost of production. There is a class of people who act as the intermediaries who often distort the relation between the landowner and the tenant. This form often leads to less investment in agriculture, indebtedness and poverty.
The population growth often leads to segmentation of land. More and more people are becoming jobless and migrate to towns in search of work.
The Social Agrarian Structure structure only enhances poverty and unemployment. The landlords who earn profits do not invest in agriculture instead they use the money for buying material comforts. Majority of the population living under the poverty line and are unable to pay the rigid taxes. The structure actually hindered progress in the agricultural field.
It is difficult to change the land tenure system with the changing time. These systems are institutionally set up, hence it is not a good idea to alter the system time and again neither is it easy to do. The cultural interest, the ethnic interests, the power structure everything must be taken into account before any amendments are made.
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